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  "checked": "2026-09-09",
  "units": "millions of nominal dollars unless a field states billions",
  "series_vintage": "OMB FY2027 Historical Tables",
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      "excise": 70414.0,
      "other": 81045.0,
      "total": 1827452.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "individual": 1004462.0,
      "corporate": 207289.0,
      "social": 652852.0,
      "excise": 68865.0,
      "other": 91723.0,
      "total": 2025191.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "individual": 994339.0,
      "corporate": 151075.0,
      "social": 693967.0,
      "excise": 66232.0,
      "other": 85469.0,
      "total": 1991082.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "individual": 858345.0,
      "corporate": 148044.0,
      "social": 700760.0,
      "excise": 66989.0,
      "other": 78998.0,
      "total": 1853136.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "individual": 793699.0,
      "corporate": 131778.0,
      "social": 712978.0,
      "excise": 67524.0,
      "other": 76335.0,
      "total": 1782314.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "individual": 808959.0,
      "corporate": 189371.0,
      "social": 733407.0,
      "excise": 69855.0,
      "other": 78522.0,
      "total": 1880114.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "individual": 927222.0,
      "corporate": 278282.0,
      "social": 794125.0,
      "excise": 73094.0,
      "other": 80888.0,
      "total": 2153611.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "individual": 1043908.0,
      "corporate": 353915.0,
      "social": 837821.0,
      "excise": 73961.0,
      "other": 97264.0,
      "total": 2406869.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "individual": 1163472.0,
      "corporate": 370243.0,
      "social": 869607.0,
      "excise": 65069.0,
      "other": 99594.0,
      "total": 2567985.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "individual": 1145747.0,
      "corporate": 304346.0,
      "social": 900155.0,
      "excise": 67334.0,
      "other": 106409.0,
      "total": 2523991.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "individual": 915308.0,
      "corporate": 138229.0,
      "social": 890917.0,
      "excise": 62483.0,
      "other": 98052.0,
      "total": 2104989.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "individual": 898549.0,
      "corporate": 191437.0,
      "social": 864814.0,
      "excise": 66909.0,
      "other": 140997.0,
      "total": 2162706.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "individual": 1091473.0,
      "corporate": 181085.0,
      "social": 818792.0,
      "excise": 72381.0,
      "other": 139735.0,
      "total": 2303466.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "individual": 1132206.0,
      "corporate": 242289.0,
      "social": 845314.0,
      "excise": 79061.0,
      "other": 151120.0,
      "total": 2449990.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "individual": 1316405.0,
      "corporate": 273506.0,
      "social": 947820.0,
      "excise": 84007.0,
      "other": 153368.0,
      "total": 2775106.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "individual": 1394568.0,
      "corporate": 320731.0,
      "social": 1023458.0,
      "excise": 93368.0,
      "other": 189366.0,
      "total": 3021491.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "individual": 1540802.0,
      "corporate": 343797.0,
      "social": 1065257.0,
      "excise": 98279.0,
      "other": 201755.0,
      "total": 3249890.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "individual": 1546075.0,
      "corporate": 299571.0,
      "social": 1115065.0,
      "excise": 95026.0,
      "other": 212228.0,
      "total": 3267965.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "individual": 1587120.0,
      "corporate": 297048.0,
      "social": 1161897.0,
      "excise": 83823.0,
      "other": 186296.0,
      "total": 3316184.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "individual": 1683538.0,
      "corporate": 204733.0,
      "social": 1170701.0,
      "excise": 94986.0,
      "other": 175949.0,
      "total": 3329907.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "individual": 1717857.0,
      "corporate": 230245.0,
      "social": 1243113.0,
      "excise": 98914.0,
      "other": 173235.0,
      "total": 3463364.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "individual": 1608663.0,
      "corporate": 211845.0,
      "social": 1309955.0,
      "excise": 86780.0,
      "other": 203921.0,
      "total": 3421164.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "individual": 2044377.0,
      "corporate": 371831.0,
      "social": 1314088.0,
      "excise": 75274.0,
      "other": 241541.0,
      "total": 4047111.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "individual": 2632146.0,
      "corporate": 424865.0,
      "social": 1483527.0,
      "excise": 87728.0,
      "other": 269073.0,
      "total": 4897339.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "individual": 2176481.0,
      "corporate": 419584.0,
      "social": 1614456.0,
      "excise": 75802.0,
      "other": 154625.0,
      "total": 4440948.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "individual": 2426067.0,
      "corporate": 529867.0,
      "social": 1708926.0,
      "excise": 101426.0,
      "other": 153598.0,
      "total": 4919884.0
    },
    {
      "year": 2025,
      "individual": 2656044.0,
      "corporate": 452089.0,
      "social": 1748294.0,
      "excise": 105937.0,
      "other": 274057.0,
      "total": 5236421.0
    }
  ],
  "oasdi": [
    {
      "year": 1980,
      "cash_income": 117439,
      "cash_outgo": 118559,
      "cash_balance": -1120,
      "reserves": 32260
    },
    {
      "year": 1981,
      "cash_income": 134564,
      "cash_outgo": 139584,
      "cash_balance": -5020,
      "reserves": 27239
    },
    {
      "year": 1982,
      "cash_income": 148027,
      "cash_outgo": 155964,
      "cash_balance": -7937,
      "reserves": 19302
    },
    {
      "year": 1983,
      "cash_income": 172493,
      "cash_outgo": 172280,
      "cash_balance": 213,
      "reserves": 31952
    },
    {
      "year": 1984,
      "cash_income": 181127,
      "cash_outgo": 180865,
      "cash_balance": 262,
      "reserves": 32214
    },
    {
      "year": 1985,
      "cash_income": 200349,
      "cash_outgo": 190986,
      "cash_balance": 9363,
      "reserves": 39753
    },
    {
      "year": 1986,
      "cash_income": 216545,
      "cash_outgo": 199815,
      "cash_balance": 16730,
      "reserves": 45870
    },
    {
      "year": 1987,
      "cash_income": 227640,
      "cash_outgo": 208070,
      "cash_balance": 19570,
      "reserves": 65440
    },
    {
      "year": 1988,
      "cash_income": 259056,
      "cash_outgo": 220257,
      "cash_balance": 38799,
      "reserves": 104239
    },
    {
      "year": 1989,
      "cash_income": 286072,
      "cash_outgo": 233628,
      "cash_balance": 52444,
      "reserves": 156684
    },
    {
      "year": 1990,
      "cash_income": 307921,
      "cash_outgo": 249705,
      "cash_balance": 58216,
      "reserves": 214900
    },
    {
      "year": 1991,
      "cash_income": 325882,
      "cash_outgo": 272366,
      "cash_balance": 53516,
      "reserves": 268415
    },
    {
      "year": 1992,
      "cash_income": 338331,
      "cash_outgo": 287585,
      "cash_balance": 50746,
      "reserves": 319161
    },
    {
      "year": 1993,
      "cash_income": 351390,
      "cash_outgo": 304601,
      "cash_balance": 46789,
      "reserves": 365949
    },
    {
      "year": 1994,
      "cash_income": 376327,
      "cash_outgo": 319570,
      "cash_balance": 56757,
      "reserves": 422706
    },
    {
      "year": 1995,
      "cash_income": 396300,
      "cash_outgo": 335854,
      "cash_balance": 60446,
      "reserves": 483152
    },
    {
      "year": 1996,
      "cash_income": 416427,
      "cash_outgo": 350019,
      "cash_balance": 66408,
      "reserves": 549562
    },
    {
      "year": 1997,
      "cash_income": 446585,
      "cash_outgo": 365270,
      "cash_balance": 81315,
      "reserves": 630878
    },
    {
      "year": 1998,
      "cash_income": 478640,
      "cash_outgo": 379228,
      "cash_balance": 99412,
      "reserves": 730293
    },
    {
      "year": 1999,
      "cash_income": 514768,
      "cash_outgo": 390057,
      "cash_balance": 124711,
      "reserves": 855004
    },
    {
      "year": 2000,
      "cash_income": 561321,
      "cash_outgo": 409473,
      "cash_balance": 151848,
      "reserves": 1006852
    },
    {
      "year": 2001,
      "cash_income": 596851,
      "cash_outgo": 433874,
      "cash_balance": 162977,
      "reserves": 1169829
    },
    {
      "year": 2002,
      "cash_income": 615068,
      "cash_outgo": 456013,
      "cash_balance": 159055,
      "reserves": 1328884
    },
    {
      "year": 2003,
      "cash_income": 630346,
      "cash_outgo": 474680,
      "cash_balance": 155666,
      "reserves": 1484548
    },
    {
      "year": 2004,
      "cash_income": 646732,
      "cash_outgo": 495855,
      "cash_balance": 150877,
      "reserves": 1635425
    },
    {
      "year": 2005,
      "cash_income": 696833,
      "cash_outgo": 523298,
      "cash_balance": 173535,
      "reserves": 1808960
    },
    {
      "year": 2006,
      "cash_income": 739835,
      "cash_outgo": 554635,
      "cash_balance": 185200,
      "reserves": 1994160
    },
    {
      "year": 2007,
      "cash_income": 772786,
      "cash_outgo": 586162,
      "cash_balance": 186624,
      "reserves": 2180784
    },
    {
      "year": 2008,
      "cash_income": 802825,
      "cash_outgo": 617160,
      "cash_balance": 185665,
      "reserves": 2366449
    },
    {
      "year": 2009,
      "cash_income": 807100,
      "cash_outgo": 669778,
      "cash_balance": 137322,
      "reserves": 2503771
    },
    {
      "year": 2010,
      "cash_income": 788061,
      "cash_outgo": 706351,
      "cash_balance": 81710,
      "reserves": 2585484
    },
    {
      "year": 2011,
      "cash_income": 798958,
      "cash_outgo": 730943,
      "cash_balance": 68015,
      "reserves": 2653499
    },
    {
      "year": 2012,
      "cash_income": 837945,
      "cash_outgo": 773364,
      "cash_balance": 64581,
      "reserves": 2718080
    },
    {
      "year": 2013,
      "cash_income": 851053,
      "cash_outgo": 813433,
      "cash_balance": 37620,
      "reserves": 2755698
    },
    {
      "year": 2014,
      "cash_income": 877496,
      "cash_outgo": 850568,
      "cash_balance": 26928,
      "reserves": 2782625
    },
    {
      "year": 2015,
      "cash_income": 913352,
      "cash_outgo": 887767,
      "cash_balance": 25585,
      "reserves": 2808210
    },
    {
      "year": 2016,
      "cash_income": 950223,
      "cash_outgo": 916073,
      "cash_balance": 34150,
      "reserves": 2842360
    },
    {
      "year": 2017,
      "cash_income": 992091,
      "cash_outgo": 944904,
      "cash_balance": 47187,
      "reserves": 2889545
    },
    {
      "year": 2018,
      "cash_income": 992568,
      "cash_outgo": 987904,
      "cash_balance": 4664,
      "reserves": 2894208
    },
    {
      "year": 2019,
      "cash_income": 1051120,
      "cash_outgo": 1044606,
      "cash_balance": 6514,
      "reserves": 2900721
    },
    {
      "year": 2020,
      "cash_income": 1103086,
      "cash_outgo": 1095562,
      "cash_balance": 7524,
      "reserves": 2908174
    },
    {
      "year": 2021,
      "cash_income": 1080305,
      "cash_outgo": 1134687,
      "cash_balance": -54382,
      "reserves": 2853862
    },
    {
      "year": 2022,
      "cash_income": 1203076,
      "cash_outgo": 1218615,
      "cash_balance": -15539,
      "reserves": 2838320
    },
    {
      "year": 2023,
      "cash_income": 1332947,
      "cash_outgo": 1354565,
      "cash_balance": -21618,
      "reserves": 2816703
    },
    {
      "year": 2024,
      "cash_income": 1404364,
      "cash_outgo": 1460892,
      "cash_balance": -56528,
      "reserves": 2760173
    },
    {
      "year": 2025,
      "cash_income": 1438204,
      "cash_outgo": 1581790,
      "cash_balance": -143586,
      "reserves": 2616587
    }
  ],
  "trust_balances": [
    {
      "fund": "Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI)",
      "date": "Dec. 31, 2025",
      "securities": 2338.3,
      "other": "2025 income $1,248.8B; cost $1,448.8B",
      "outlook": "Full scheduled benefits projected through Q4 2032; 78% payable then from continuing income if law does not change.",
      "source": "ssa2026"
    },
    {
      "fund": "Disability Insurance (DI)",
      "date": "Dec. 31, 2025",
      "securities": 223.0,
      "other": "2025 income $200.5B; cost $160.7B",
      "outlook": "Full scheduled benefits projected through the 75-year period.",
      "source": "ssa2026"
    },
    {
      "fund": "Medicare Hospital Insurance (HI)",
      "date": "Dec. 31, 2025",
      "securities": 255.7,
      "other": "2025 income $462.4B; cost $444.2B",
      "outlook": "Full scheduled benefits projected through Q2 2033; 89% payable then from continuing income if law does not change.",
      "source": "ssa2026"
    },
    {
      "fund": "Medicare Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI)",
      "date": "Dec. 31, 2025",
      "securities": 168.4,
      "other": "2025 income $763.8B; cost $765.8B",
      "outlook": "Financed each year by premiums and general revenues; described as adequately financed under present law.",
      "source": "ssa2026"
    },
    {
      "fund": "Highway Trust Fund",
      "date": "Sept. 30, 2025",
      "securities": 68.941,
      "other": "Plus $5.337B Fund Balance with Treasury; 2025 net excise-tax and other nonexchange revenue $47.686B",
      "outlook": "DOT reports the investment and Treasury-balance components separately; this row is not a claim that all assets are spendable cash.",
      "source": "dot2025"
    },
    {
      "fund": "Airport and Airway Trust Fund",
      "date": "Sept. 30, 2025",
      "securities": 18.698,
      "other": "Plus $1.943B Fund Balance with Treasury; FAA reports a $21.8B year-end cash balance",
      "outlook": "FAA says aviation excise taxes and interest finance the fund, subject to congressional appropriation.",
      "source": "faa2025"
    }
  ],
  "events": [
    {
      "id": "force2001",
      "year": 2001,
      "category": "War authority",
      "title": "2001 authorization for use of force",
      "record": "Public Law 107-40 supplied force authority. Funding and payment came through separate appropriations and accounts.",
      "mechanism": "Keep military authority, budget authority, obligations, outlays, and continuing costs separate.",
      "limit": "The law does not supply a complete conflict timeline or cost total.",
      "ask": "Which operation, authority, funding act, account, period, and oversight report support the spending?",
      "sources": [
        "aumf01",
        "constitution"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "iraq2002",
      "year": 2003,
      "category": "War authority",
      "title": "2002 Iraq authorization",
      "record": "Public Law 107-243 was approved in fiscal year 2003.",
      "mechanism": "Congress acted on force authority; later funding traveled through separate instruments.",
      "limit": "The marker cannot assign all spending in the year to war.",
      "ask": "Reconcile authorized operations, appropriations, actual outlays, and continuing obligations.",
      "sources": [
        "aumf02",
        "constitution"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "tarp2008",
      "year": 2009,
      "category": "Financial rescue",
      "title": "2008 rescue authority and later TARP cost",
      "record": "TARP began with $700 billion in authority, later reduced to $475 billion. GAO reports $443.5 billion disbursed and a $31.1 billion lifetime cost through September 30, 2023.",
      "mechanism": "Authority, cash disbursed, repayments, exposure, and final cost answer different questions.",
      "limit": "TARP is one rescue program. Its net cost is not the economy-wide loss from the financial crisis and does not explain the entire debt change.",
      "ask": "Publish authority, disbursement, recoveries, remaining exposure, and measured public result separately.",
      "sources": [
        "gao"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "tax2017",
      "year": 2018,
      "category": "Tax law",
      "title": "2017 tax law changes the projected revenue path",
      "record": "CBO estimated that Public Law 115-97 would increase the primary deficit by $1.843 trillion over 2018\u20132028.",
      "mechanism": "A policy estimate compares paths. It is different from an observed annual deficit or debt change.",
      "limit": "This is a dated estimate. Later laws and economic changes affect actual receipts.",
      "ask": "Which baseline, period, growth assumption, distribution table, and debt-service treatment support the claim?",
      "sources": [
        "cbo_tax"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "pandemic2020",
      "year": 2020,
      "category": "Pandemic and recession",
      "title": "2020 shock and legislative response",
      "record": "CBO estimated a $3.1 trillion FY2020 deficit and linked much of the increase to the pandemic and legislation enacted in response.",
      "mechanism": "The shock reduced some receipts while automatic programs and new laws increased outlays.",
      "limit": "Neither the annual line nor one statute attributes the entire deficit to a single cause or actor.",
      "ask": "Separate automatic responses, new laws, administrative action, and economic change before assigning responsibility.",
      "sources": [
        "cbo_covid",
        "omb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cr2024",
      "year": 2024,
      "category": "Appropriations",
      "title": "FY2024 temporary funding deadlines",
      "record": "CRS lists four continuing resolutions for FY2024.",
      "mechanism": "A continuing resolution temporarily funds specified accounts while full-year decisions remain unresolved.",
      "limit": "Temporary funding does not by itself establish a shutdown or its effects.",
      "ask": "When was each account funded, for how long, and with what operational consequence?",
      "sources": [
        "crs_cr"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sources": {
    "omb": [
      "OMB FY2027 Table 1.1: actual receipts and outlays through FY2025",
      "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/hist01z1_fy2027.xlsx"
    ],
    "revenue": [
      "OMB FY2027 Table 2.1: receipts by source",
      "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/hist02z1_fy2027.xlsx"
    ],
    "debt": [
      "OMB FY2027 Table 7.1: federal debt at year end",
      "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/hist07z1_fy2027.xlsx"
    ],
    "trust": [
      "OMB FY2027 Table 13.1: Social Security and Medicare trust-fund cash",
      "https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/hist13z1_fy2027.xlsx"
    ],
    "incidence": [
      "CBO: tax-incidence method",
      "https://www.cbo.gov/publication/57404"
    ],
    "constitution": [
      "Constitution, Article I, sections 7\u20139",
      "https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution-transcript"
    ],
    "ssa": [
      "SSA: Social Security trust-fund accounts and investments",
      "https://www.ssa.gov/oact/ProgData/fundFAQ.html"
    ],
    "ssa2026": [
      "2026 Social Security Trustees Report",
      "https://www.ssa.gov/OACT/TR/2026/"
    ],
    "dot2025": [
      "U.S. DOT FY2025 financial report: dedicated-collection funds",
      "https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/2026-01/FY2025DOTAFR_508c_0.pdf"
    ],
    "faa2025": [
      "FAA: Airport and Airway Trust Fund FY2025 status",
      "https://www.faa.gov/about/budget/aatf"
    ],
    "gao": [
      "GAO: TARP lifetime cost, January 2024",
      "https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-24-107033"
    ],
    "cbo_tax": [
      "CBO: 2017 tax act and projection changes",
      "https://www.cbo.gov/publication/54994"
    ],
    "cbo_covid": [
      "CBO: fiscal year 2020 budget review",
      "https://www.cbo.gov/publication/56746"
    ],
    "crs_cr": [
      "CRS: continuing resolutions through FY2025",
      "https://www.congress.gov/crs_external_products/R/PDF/R46595/R46595.6.pdf"
    ],
    "aumf01": [
      "Public Law 107-40: 2001 authorization for force",
      "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-107publ40/pdf/PLAW-107publ40.pdf"
    ],
    "aumf02": [
      "Public Law 107-243: 2002 Iraq authorization",
      "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-107publ243/pdf/PLAW-107publ243.pdf"
    ]
  }
}